Curriculum Learning
Definition
Curriculum learning mimics human education by presenting training data in a structured β¦
Curriculum learning mimics human education by presenting training data in a structured β¦
The right to be forgotten enables users to demand the removal of their personal β¦
XLM-RoBERTa (Cross-lingual Language Model RoBERTa) is a large-scale multilingual model β¦
Winner-take-all (WTA) is a competitive process used in neural networks and reinforcement β¦
WordPiece is a tokenization method widely used in natural language processing models like β¦
Web intelligence involves using data mining, machine learning, and semantic technologies β¦
A webhook is a mechanism for one service to provide real-time information to another β¦
VAD algorithms analyze audio streams in real-time to distinguish between active speech β¦
As generative AI produces increasing amounts of synthetic media, watermarking serves as a β¦
Unsloth is a specialized tool designed to optimize the fine-tuning and deployment of β¦
Underfitting occurs when a statistical model or machine learning algorithm cannot β¦
A unified model refers to an artificial intelligence system capable of performing various β¦
In the context of AI engineering, tracing involves capturing detailed logs of how data β¦
Token maxxing involves carefully crafting inputs to utilize the full capacity of a β¦
Toxicity detection employs natural language processing techniques to analyze text inputs β¦
In AI engineering, throughput is a critical performance metric indicating system β¦
Time series data consists of observations recorded sequentially over time intervals. In β¦
TensorFlow Lite is an open-source framework designed to deploy machine learning models on β¦
Text Embeddings Inference refers to the deployment and optimization of models that β¦
TensorFlow Hub is a platform for publishing and reusing machine learning components. It β¦
Text classification is a supervised learning task where algorithms assign predefined β¦
Symbolic artificial intelligence, often called GOFAI (Good Old-Fashioned AI), relies on β¦
Text-to-Image (T2I) generation involves using deep learning models, such as diffusion β¦
This concept refers to the debate and potential policy regarding the restriction or β¦
In machine learning and optimization, a surrogate model serves as a proxy for a target β¦
Sycophancy is a failure mode in large language models where the system prioritizes β¦
Structural risk minimization (SRM) is a method for minimizing expected risk by β¦
Structured sparsity regularization extends standard L1 regularization by encouraging β¦
Spreading activation is a concept originally from cognitive psychology, adapted in neural β¦
Stable Diffusion is a deep learning model that generates detailed images conditioned on β¦
The Diffusers library is an open-source toolkit from Hugging Face designed to simplify β¦
Speaker Change Detection (SCD) is a technique used to pinpoint exact timestamps where one β¦
Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) are a subset of human-robot interaction focused on β¦
A software agent is an autonomous entity capable of perceiving its environment, β¦
In artificial intelligence, ‘situated’ refers to agents that are embedded in β¦
The situated approach is a methodological framework in AI research that argues β¦
Sequence labeling involves predicting a categorical label for every token in a given β¦
Semi-supervised learning is a hybrid training paradigm that utilizes a small amount of β¦
Sentence Transformers are extensions of traditional Transformer models (like BERT) β¦
In computational learning theory, sample complexity quantifies the amount of data needed β¦
This concept encompasses the capacity of AI agents or systems to handle routine β¦
It goes beyond syntactic structure to interpret the actual intent and significance of β¦
Rust is a multi-paradigm, general-purpose programming language designed for performance β¦
Sam3 is not a widely recognized standard public AI term like SAM (Segment Anything β¦
In AI safety and ethics, robustness refers to a model’s resilience against β¦
Rule induction is a symbolic machine learning method that derives if-then rules directly β¦
Representation collapse occurs when a neural network, particularly in self-supervised β¦
Resisting AI refers to methods used by individuals or entities to avoid being influenced, β¦
In AI, reflection is a paradigm where a model pauses to evaluate its own generation β¦
Relational data mining focuses on extracting useful information from databases where data β¦
Random feature maps transform inputs into a new space where linear models can approximate β¦
Unlike standard generative models focused on fluency, reasoning models prioritize β¦
The Rabbit r1 is a dedicated hardware device launched by Rabbit Inc., centered around its β¦
ROCm (Radeon Open Compute) is a driver and software stack developed by AMD to enable β¦
Qwen Coder is a dedicated version of the Qwen large language model fine-tuned β¦
Qwen2 signifies the second significant generation of the Qwen model family, introducing β¦
Prompt tuning involves adding trainable soft prompts (continuous vectors) to the input β¦
Pruning involves identifying and eliminating neurons, connections, or filters in a neural β¦
Pyannote is an open-source Python library developed by pyannote.audio, specializing in β¦
Pyannote Audio is a comprehensive toolkit designed to facilitate the development and β¦
Pythia is a series of open-source large language models (LLMs) created by EleutherAI, β¦
Probability matching is a behavioral pattern often observed in reinforcement learning and β¦
Programming by Example (PBE) is a paradigm in program synthesis where developers specify β¦
This principle posits that an agent’s actions should be chosen to maximize its β¦
Prior knowledge refers to domain-specific insights, constraints, or historical data β¦
Predictive learning involves training neural networks to infer unobserved data points β¦
Preference learning focuses on teaching models to distinguish between good and bad β¦
The Phi coefficient (Ο) is a measure of association for two binary variables, serving as β¦
Physical Intelligence Inc. (PI) is a spin-off from Google DeepMind, established to β¦
Personality computing involves developing algorithms and systems capable of modeling, β¦
Phi, short for ‘Foundation models based on Teaching-Learning Paradigm’, is a β¦
In AI and cognitive science, a perceiver refers to the component of an intelligent system β¦
A percept is the internal representation of an external stimulus after it has been β¦
Parallel Web Systems refer to infrastructure designs where computational tasks are β¦
A Pattern Language is a formalized framework consisting of a set of proven solutions to β¦
POP-11 (Program Oriented Problem Solving) is a multi-paradigm programming language that β¦
The outline of deep learning encompasses the fundamental structures such as neural β¦
In AI engineering, observability refers to the capability to understand the internal β¦
Developed by Intel, OpenVINO (Open Visual Inference and Neural network Optimization) β¦
Novelty detection is a machine learning task focused on identifying data points that do β¦
Object detection extends image classification by not only determining what objects are β¦
This domain focuses on creating hardware and software architectures that mimic the β¦
This project leverages NASA’s Earth observation data combined with advanced AI β¦
Native-language identification (NLI) is a subfield of natural language processing that β¦
Neural computation refers to the mathematical operations performed by artificial neurons β¦
Neural scaling laws describe the predictable power-law relationship between a β¦
Multimodal sentiment analysis extends traditional text-based sentiment detection by β¦
The multiplicative weight update method is a fundamental online learning algorithm used β¦
Multitask optimization involves training a single model to handle several distinct but β¦
Multi modality represents the architectural and theoretical framework enabling AI models β¦
The multi-armed bandit problem illustrates the dilemma faced by an agent deciding whether β¦
A Model Registry serves as a critical component in MLOps, providing a unified repository β¦
Moral outsourcing refers to the phenomenon where humans cede ethical judgment and β¦
This category includes methods like pruning, quantization, and knowledge distillation β¦
Mixins provide common methods such as saving, loading, and pushing models to the Hugging β¦
Mistral refers to a family of powerful open-weight LLMs created by the French startup β¦
Military applications of AI encompass a broad range of technologies designed to enhance β¦
Means-ends analysis is a cognitive strategy used in artificial intelligence and β¦
The prefix ‘meta’ in artificial intelligence denotes a higher level of β¦
Matrix regularization extends scalar regularization concepts to matrices, often used in β¦
This field involves integrating ML techniques into video game pipelines to automate asset β¦
This field combines machine learning techniques with natural language processing and data β¦
Machine learning enhances earth sciences by processing satellite imagery, seismic data, β¦
In the context of modern AI terminology, Lyra often denotes specialized AI systems β¦
MLOps enables organizations to deploy and maintain machine learning models in production β¦
LocateAnything is a versatile computer vision framework that enables the detection and β¦
Ltx Video represents an advancement in generative AI for video, utilizing latent space β¦
Released in August 2024, Llama 3.1 expands the Llama family to include a massive 405 β¦
Originally known as GPT Index, LlamaIndex is a powerful data framework that enables LLMs β¦
Linear separability refers to the geometric condition in which data points belonging to β¦
Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) is a specific case of k-fold cross-validation β¦
Data leakage is a critical error in machine learning where the model gains access to β¦
This concept originates from reinforcement learning and involves an agent interacting β¦
The ’last mile’ problem refers to the challenges encountered when deploying β¦
Layer Normalization stabilizes training by reducing internal covariate shift, β¦
Knowledge-based systems (KBS) are a branch of artificial intelligence that incorporates β¦
Kubernetes (often abbreviated as K8s) is a container orchestration system originally β¦
LLM-as-a-Judge is an evaluation paradigm where a Large Language Model serves as an β¦
Knowledge integration involves merging data from diverse origins, such as databases, β¦
Coined by Allen Newell, the knowledge level analyzes intelligent systems based on their β¦
This approach employs constraint satisfaction techniques within a knowledge base to β¦
Knowledge compilation refers to techniques in artificial intelligence that convert a β¦
An Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) integrates artificial intelligence β¦
Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) is a fundamental statistical technique that smooths β¦
An intelligent agent is a system capable of perceiving its surroundings through sensors β¦
Intelligent automation integrates traditional Robotic Process Automation (RPA) with β¦
An intelligent database leverages machine learning and AI to enhance standard database β¦
The Inception Score (IS) is a statistical measure introduced to assess the performance of β¦
This concept involves analyzing the structure of the representation space in machine β¦
Instance selection aims to improve computational efficiency and model performance by β¦
Image Text To Text refers to models that process visual inputs alongside textual queries β¦
Image To Image (I2I) involves using deep learning models, such as GANs or diffusion β¦
Image-to-Image (I2I) translation involves mapping pixels from a source domain to a target β¦
This paradigm utilizes models like Stable Diffusion or DALL-E to produce high-quality β¦
Hybrid Search integrates two distinct retrieval methods: dense vector search, which β¦
Hyperparameter tuning involves evaluating different sets of hyperparameters to find the β¦
Human oversight refers to the mechanisms and processes where humans monitor, evaluate, β¦
Human-centered AI is a design philosophy that places humans at the core of artificial β¦
HumanβAI interaction (HAI) is an interdisciplinary field examining the dynamics between β¦
A hierarchical control system organizes control logic into multiple layers, typically β¦
This phrase refers to a specific literary work that examines how humans can maintain β¦
A hidden layer consists of neurons that receive inputs from previous layers, apply β¦
H2O is a widely used open-source in-memory platform for distributed, scalable machine β¦
Grok-1 is the inaugural release from xAI, launched in November 2023. It is a decoder-only β¦
In AI, grounding refers to linking symbolic representations or generated text to concrete β¦
Developed by Facebook, GraphQL provides a complete and understandable description of the β¦
AI Governance refers to the set of rules, guidelines, and institutional structures that β¦
GPT Bigcode, often associated with models like StarCoder, represents a significant β¦
In statistical modeling, GLM stands for Generalized Linear Models, which extend linear β¦
This concept refers to the strategic and operational reliance businesses place on β¦
Genie refers to a family of generative models designed specifically for video synthesis. β¦
Gemma models are designed to be efficient and accessible for researchers and developers. β¦
Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that models strategic interactions between β¦
A Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is a specialized recurrent neural network (RNN) cell β¦
FrontierMath is a specialized evaluation suite created to test the limits of large β¦
GGUF (GPT-Generated Unified Format) is a binary file format designed specifically for β¦
This concept involves designing AI systems with forward-looking capabilities that can β¦
Floating-point 8 (FP8) is a numerical data type that offers a balance between β¦
Feedback neural networks, also known as recurrent neural networks (RNNs), contain loops β¦
Feature hashing, also known as the hashing trick, allows machine learning models to β¦
A Feature Store acts as a bridge between data engineering and machine learning teams, β¦
Feature engineering is the art of leveraging domain expertise to transform raw data into β¦
Feature extraction involves transforming raw data into a set of features that better β¦
As machine learning models become more complex, particularly deep neural networks, their β¦
In decision-making processes, agents face a trade-off: they can exploit current knowledge β¦
In computational contexts, evolvability refers to how easily an algorithm or neural β¦
An enterprise cognitive system combines artificial intelligence, natural language β¦
Emergent algorithms refer to complex global behaviors or patterns that arise from the β¦
Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) is the standard objective function for training β¦
This practice involves deploying trained AI models directly onto hardware such as β¦
Unlike disembodied AI that processes abstract data, embodied agents learn and act within β¦
Eagle represents a specific architectural and engineering framework within the domain of β¦
Edge computing addresses the latency and bandwidth limitations of cloud-centric β¦
ELMo generates context-sensitive word embeddings by processing input text through a β¦
In the context of the Hugging Face Diffusers ecosystem, this term generally refers to a β¦
A discovery system is a computational framework aimed at accelerating scientific or β¦
This pipeline utilizes the Stable Diffusion 3 model, which introduces a Multimodal β¦
This pipeline implements the Stable Diffusion XL architecture, which uses a refined base β¦
The LTX pipeline is tailored for models that prioritize speed and efficiency in β¦
Pruning is a method used to prevent overfitting in decision tree models by removing β¦
DeepSeek V3 is an advanced iteration in the DeepSeek model family, characterized by its β¦
As a successor to previous versions, DeepSeek V4 implies continued evolution in the β¦
DeepSeek VL V2 extends the capabilities of the standard language model into the β¦
Diella refers to specific neural network models optimized for enhancing image quality by β¦
Helpsteer2 is a curated dataset released by NVIDIA that contains pairwise comparisons of β¦
S2ORC is a comprehensive corpus of scholarly articles derived from Semantic Scholar. It β¦
RefinedWeb is a large-scale dataset of filtered web pages designed for pretraining β¦
Natural Questions (NQ) is a benchmark dataset introduced by Google to advance research in β¦
This term refers to a specific dataset hosted on Hugging Face under the user β¦
This dataset consists of sentences and paragraphs extracted from Simple English β¦
This dataset contains millions of question-answer pairs scraped from the now-defunct β¦
The Altlex dataset consists of pairs of sentences that share the same underlying meaning β¦
Flickr30K Captions is a widely used benchmark dataset comprising 31,783 images, each β¦
Sentence compression datasets consist of pairs where the target sentence is a shortened β¦
Dataset shift occurs when the distribution of data used to train a machine learning model β¦
Code Search Net is a comprehensive dataset created to advance research in code retrieval. β¦
Data-centric AI represents a paradigm shift in artificial intelligence development, β¦
Data science involves the interdisciplinary process of extracting knowledge from β¦
The curse of dimensionality refers to various phenomena that arise when analyzing data in β¦
CrewAI provides a structured environment for building multi-agent systems where each β¦
Developed as part of the MLCommons initiative, Croissant uses JSON-LD to provide a β¦
Content provenance refers to the documentation and verification of where digital content β¦
In artificial intelligence, compliance refers to the process of ensuring that AI models β¦
Computational heuristic intelligence involves algorithms that employ rules of thumb, β¦
Computational intelligence (CI) encompasses a set of nature-inspired computational β¦
Computer audition involves developing algorithms that allow computers to extract β¦
ComfyUI is a powerful, modular, and node-based GUI for Stable Diffusion models. Unlike β¦
Commonsense knowledge refers to the vast amount of implicit information about everyday β¦
CodeQwen is a variant of the Qwen series developed by Alibaba Cloud, specifically β¦
As generative AI models produce content, the need for citation mechanisms has emerged to β¦
In deep learning engineering, clipping is commonly applied to gradients to mitigate the β¦
In AI application development, a Chain refers to a linear or directed graph structure β¦
ChatGLM represents a family of transformer-based language models specifically designed to β¦
Chunking is a critical preprocessing step in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and β¦
CBR operates on the principle that similar problems have similar solutions. The process β¦
While historically referring to Benjamin Bloom’s educational taxonomy, in modern AI β¦
BERT is a transformer-based machine learning technique for NLP pre-training developed by β¦
Biomedical refers to the intersection of biology, medicine, and technology, particularly β¦
Behavior informatics combines computer science, psychology, and statistics to analyze β¦
The Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model is a cognitive architecture for designing β¦
Bayesian optimization uses a probabilistic surrogate model, typically a Gaussian Process, β¦
In artificial intelligence, an autonomous agent is an entity that operates independently β¦
This method adjusts and scales activations to have zero mean and unit variance within β¦
Automated medical scribes utilize natural language processing and speech recognition β¦
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), also known as speech-to-text, is a subfield of speech β¦
Automation in construction refers to the integration of robotic systems, drones, and β¦
An AI audit involves a rigorous, structured review of machine learning models and their β¦
AutoML (Automated Machine Learning) streamlines the development of ML models by β¦
Asynchronous processing allows software to perform long-running tasks, such as I/O β¦
Audio-to-audio refers to neural network architectures designed to map one audio signal to β¦
The AI arms race refers to the intense competition among countries, corporations, and β¦
Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) represents the synergistic integration of β¦
This term encompasses the dual role of AI in democratic processes: enhancing efficiency β¦
The Artificial Inventor Project is an interdisciplinary research effort aimed at β¦
Anonymization involves modifying data so that it can no longer be associated with a β¦
Argumentation frameworks provide a mathematical basis for representing arguments, β¦
AlphaChip is a specialized AI system designed to automate and enhance the placement and β¦
An Andβor tree is a representation used in problem-solving and planning, particularly in β¦
Algorithm selection involves evaluating different computational approaches to determine β¦
Bias in algorithms typically originates from non-representative training data, subjective β¦
Also known as prediction or scoring, inference occurs after the model training phase. The β¦
It acts as the backbone for multi-agent systems, providing tools for orchestration, β¦
Active learning reduces the amount of labeled data required by allowing the model to β¦
In pathfinding and search problems, an admissible heuristic provides a lower bound on the β¦
This field focuses on speeding up fundamental linear algebra computations, which are core β¦
Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations (AIOps) combines big data analytics and machine β¦
AI warfare refers to the integration of artificial intelligence into military strategies, β¦
AI infrastructure encompasses the foundational technology stack necessary for artificial β¦
A/B testing is a randomized controlled experiment where two variants, A and B, are β¦
An AI agent is a software entity that operates autonomously within a defined environment β¦
An AI Security Institute is a specialized entity focused on mitigating risks associated β¦
Tool Use enables language models to interact with external software environments by β¦
Unsupervised learning identifies hidden structures, clusters, or distributions within raw β¦
Since transformers process all tokens in parallel rather than sequentially like RNNs, β¦
Quantization converts high-precision floating-point numbers (like FP32) into β¦
In AI, reasoning involves algorithms that simulate logical deduction, induction, or β¦
ReLU is widely used in deep learning neural networks due to its computational efficiency β¦
Residual connections, also known as skip connections, allow gradients to flow through a β¦
Semantic search interprets the intent and contextual meaning behind a query, going beyond β¦
Text summarization reduces large volumes of text into shorter versions without losing β¦
Planning in AI involves determining a sequence of actions that will lead from an initial β¦
In artificial intelligence, memory refers to mechanisms that allow models to retain β¦
Model serving involves taking a static trained model and wrapping it in a scalable β¦
Multimodal AI systems integrate information from different sensory inputs to form a more β¦
The learning rate determines how much the model’s weights are updated relative to β¦
Also known as the cost or error function, the loss function provides a scalar value β¦
Function calling enables large language models to interact with external tools and APIs β¦
Interpretability, or explainability, involves making the internal workings and β¦
In neural networks, dropout prevents overfitting by temporarily removing a random subset β¦
Encoders process raw input sequences or data structures and convert them into latent β¦
In artificial intelligence, fairness is a critical ethical metric ensuring that β¦
Data Protection encompasses legal, technical, and organizational measures designed to β¦
Deepfakes are hyper-realistic audio or video manipulations created using generative β¦
Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) is a data compression technique adapted for natural language β¦
An activation function introduces non-linearity into a neural network, allowing it to β¦
The term ‘agentic’ describes AI agents that operate with a high degree of β¦
Training-free approaches refer to techniques that modify model behavior or output without β¦
Two-stage architectures divide a complex task into two separate steps, typically β¦
Post-training is a critical stage in the machine learning lifecycle that occurs after the β¦
One-shot learning is a specific type of few-shot learning where the algorithm must β¦
Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection identifies inputs that fall outside the scope of the β¦
Multi-step methods involve breaking down a complex query or task into smaller, executable β¦
Learning-based approaches rely on statistical algorithms to identify patterns and make β¦
High-dimensional refers to datasets or vector spaces containing a vast number of β¦
High-fidelity describes outputs from generative models that are indistinguishable from or β¦
Few-shot learning enables machine learning models to generalize from very limited data, β¦
Fine-grained analysis involves identifying and categorizing objects or concepts at a β¦
Closed-loop systems in AI utilize real-time feedback from the environment to dynamically β¦
Cross-modal AI involves processing and correlating data from distinct modalities, such as β¦
Tokenization is a critical preprocessing step in Natural Language Processing (NLP) that β¦
Transfer learning leverages pre-trained models to improve performance and reduce training β¦
AI understanding goes beyond statistical correlation to interpret the underlying meaning β¦
In AI, synthetic data is artificially generated information that mimics real-world data β¦
Temporal concepts in AI involve analyzing data points ordered in time, such as stock β¦
Stochastic elements introduce variability into AI systems, such as noise in data or β¦
In artificial intelligence, privacy refers to the protection of sensitive user β¦
In AI, ‘rate’ most frequently refers to the learning rate, a hyperparameter β¦
Reinforcement is a fundamental psychological and computational mechanism where an β¦
In artificial intelligence, robustness refers to the resilience of a model against β¦
Safety in AI involves implementing constraints and safeguards to ensure that automated β¦
Scaling is the active methodology of expanding AI systems by adding more layers, neurons, β¦
Search is a fundamental paradigm in AI used to navigate complex problem spaces, such as β¦
While current AI lacks consciousness, the term ‘self’ often describes β¦
Semantic analysis in AI focuses on understanding the underlying meaning of inputs rather β¦
The term ‘policy’ has dual meanings depending on the context. In general β¦
In AI and optimization theory, an optimal solution is one that achieves the highest β¦
AI perception involves converting raw sensor data into meaningful information that can be β¦
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence that combines β¦
Online learning is a machine learning paradigm where the model is updated incrementally β¦
In AI, particularly in Multi-Agent Systems and Reinforcement Learning, Nash Equilibrium β¦
In artificial intelligence and probability theory, Markov processes are fundamental β¦
Monte Carlo techniques are a class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated β¦
In the context of AI, ’long’ often describes the capability to process β¦
Loss functions, also known as cost functions, measure how well a machine learning β¦
This term refers to the broader application paradigm where models with billions of β¦
This process bridges the gap between general pre-training and specific task performance. β¦
In artificial intelligence, ‘grounded’ describes the process of linking β¦
The term ‘guided’ in AI typically refers to techniques where the β¦
Hierarchical AI systems organize information or control into a tree-like structure of β¦
In artificial intelligence, generation refers to the capability of models, particularly β¦
Gaussian refers to the normal distribution, a continuous probability distribution β¦
Fine-tuning involves taking a general-purpose model trained on large datasets and further β¦
The term ’evolving’ characterizes dynamic AI models that undergo continuous β¦
Embodied AI posits that intelligence emerges from the interaction between an β¦
Energy has two primary meanings in AI. First, it denotes the electrical power required to β¦
This process involves transferring knowledge from a complex, high-performance β¦
Detection is a core computer vision and signal processing task where an AI model β¦
This method encourages the model to pull embeddings of positive pairs (similar items) β¦
Benchmarking is the active practice of conducting experiments to measure how well an AI β¦
Autonomy in AI refers to the ability of a system to perceive its environment, make β¦
Adam (Adaptive Moment Estimation) is a popular first-order gradient-based optimization β¦
AI agents are software programs or systems capable of perceiving their surroundings β¦
Fine-tuning involves taking a model already trained on a large, general dataset and β¦
In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models to adapt to new tasks without β¦
Code generation leverages large language models trained on vast repositories of β¦
The context window defines the operational limit of an AI model’s memory for a β¦
Deep learning algorithms attempt to mimic the human brain’s analytical and learning β¦
An attention mechanism enables a model to weigh the importance of different elements β¦
Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting is a strategy where large language models are guided to β¦
In AI, an agent is an entity that acts on behalf of a user or system to complete tasks. β¦